ELEMENTS OF MASS COMMUNICATION: NOISE

 

What is Noise in Communication?

Noise in mass communication refers to any interference or distraction that can impair the transmission or reception of a message in the communication process. It can refer to physical barriers, such as noise or static, that disrupt the transmission of a message, as well as psychological barriers, such as a lack of attention or understanding, that impede the reception/channel of a message through touch, Ol factory, gustation, tactile, radio etc.

Here are some examples of noise in mass communication:

Physical Interference: Physical noise, such as static or interference, can disrupt the transmission of a message in the communication process. For example, the reception of a radio or television signal can be impaired by physical barriers, such as buildings or terrain, that interfere with the transmission of the signal.

Psychological Interference: Psychological noise, such as distraction or inattention, can also impair the reception of a message. For example, a person may be less likely to understand or retain a message if they are distracted by other activities, such as reading or watching television, while the message is being transmitted.

Semantic Noise: Semantic noise refers to the confusion or misunderstandings that can arise due to differences in interpretation or meaning between the sender and the receiver. For example, a message may be misinterpreted due to cultural or linguistic differences between the sender and the receiver, as well as mechanical noise (A TV set with snowy picture, a pen running out of ink, and a static filled radio.)

Physiological Noise: Physiological noise refers to physical factors, such as hearing or visual impairments, that can impair the reception of a message. For example, a person with a hearing impairment may have difficulty understanding spoken messages, while a person with a visual impairment may have difficulty reading written messages.

Noise can have a significant impact on the effectiveness of mass communication, by impeding the transmission or reception of a message, and by creating misunderstandings or misinterpretations. It is important to identify and reduce sources of noise in the communication process in order to ensure that messages are effectively transmitted and received.

Grey Area. There are, of course, situations that will fall into a grey area. How large does the audience have to be? How scattered? How heterogeneous? How complex must the organization be? For example, a billboard is constructed on a busy street in a small town. Obviously, this would qualify as machine-assisted communication (a machine was used to print the billboard), but is this example better defined as mass communication?

In conclusion, noise is an important consideration in mass communication, and it can have a significant impact on the transmission and reception of messages. By identifying and reducing sources of noise, it is possible to enhance the effectiveness of mass communication, and to ensure that messages are accurately transmitted and received. By considering factors such as physical and psychological barriers, semantic differences, and physiological impairments, it is possible to develop effective strategies for reducing noise in mass communication, and to ensure that messages are effectively communicated to the public.

Reference:

Collected from a bunch of websites and self rephrased.

Written by:

Shahd Ehab El Sayed Abdelalim Nossir

1221103256

ELEMENTS OF MASS COMMUNICATION: GATEKEEPING

 

Why do we only see certain types of news? Who controls the information that we got? In today’s blog, we will dive deep into the world of gatekeeping and what difference it makes to us as the general public. 

Gatekeeping in mass communication refers to the process of selecting, editing, and controlling the flow of information that is transmitted to the public through mass media. It is the process by which media gatekeepers, such as editors, producers, and journalists, determine what information is worthy of attention and what will be transmitted to the public.

Here are some examples of gatekeeping in mass communication:

News Selection: News gatekeepers, such as editors and journalists, determine which news stories are worthy of attention and which will be covered and transmitted to the public. This process can involve evaluating the relevance, importance, and credibility of news sources and stories, as well as determining which stories are likely to generate the most interest among audiences.

Content Editing: Media gatekeepers, such as producers and editors, determine what content will be included or excluded from a particular program or publication. This process can involve evaluating the accuracy, relevance, and impact of content, as well as considering legal, ethical, and cultural considerations that may affect the transmission of certain messages.

Censorship: Government and other organizations can also exercise control over mass communication through censorship, by restricting the flow of certain types of information or content. This can involve suppressing information that is deemed sensitive, controversial, or harmful to national security, public order, or other interests.

In other words, anyone who has knowledge of the events and chooses to share it with another individual or group (Shoemaker et al., 2017) are called gatekeepers. 

Gatekeeping plays a crucial role in shaping the nature and content of the messages that are transmitted to the public through mass media. By determining what information is worthy of attention, gatekeepers can influence public opinion and shape public perceptions of important issues and events.

Gatekeeping is an essential component of mass communication, and the role of gatekeepers is to ensure that the information that is transmitted to the public is accurate, relevant, and worthy of attention. The gatekeeping process can also have important implications for public opinion and the shaping of public perceptions, making it a crucial aspect of mass communication. While the goal of gatekeeping is to provide the public with accurate and relevant information, it is important to ensure that the process is transparent and unbiased, and that it does not compromise the freedom of expression or the right to access information.

Reference:

Collected from many resources and self rephrased.

Written by:

Shahd Ehab El Sayed Abdelalim Nossir

1221103256

ELEMENTS OF MASS COMMUNICATION: AUDIENCE

 

The audience in mass communication refers to the group of people who receive and consume messages transmitted through mass media. Mass media reaches a large, diverse audience, and the intended audience can vary greatly depending on the nature of the message and the channel used. Understanding the audience is crucial in determining the content, tone, and style of the message, and in maximizing its impact and reach.

Here are some examples of audiences in mass communication:

General Public: The general public can encompass a broad and diverse group of people, including individuals from various age groups, socioeconomic backgrounds, and cultural backgrounds. News programs, talk shows, and other forms of mass media often target the general public, as do advertisements for products and services that appeal to a wide range of consumers.

Niche Audiences: Mass media can also target specific, niche audiences, such as sports fans, music lovers, or fans of a particular genre or style of entertainment. 

Example:  

(The youth and young adults, who have the most disposable income, are often the target audience for popular culture and marketers often use popular culture to advertise and manipulate their values, mindset, and purchasing behavior.)

Aha! Bet You Like That!

Niche media, such as sports magazines or music channels, cater to these audiences and provide them with content that is specifically tailored to their interests.

Demographic Audiences: Mass media can target specific demographic groups, such as children, teenagers, adults, or seniors, based on factors such as age, gender, and income. Advertisers often use demographic information to target their messages, as do producers of programs and content aimed at specific age groups such as the United States` consumerist values being propagated through the mass media, or Japan`s anime and J-pop industry playing a significant role in propagating Japanese culture and attracting global audiences.

Geographic Audiences: Mass media can target specific geographic areas, such as a particular city, region, or country, based on the location of the intended audience. Regional newspapers, local radio and television stations, and other forms of mass media are often tailored to the specific needs and interests of geographic audiences. 

Example:

(The impact of popular culture on the economy is significant and fluid and it is constantly enticing consumers with new goods and keeping the market vibrant.)

The audience is a crucial component of mass communication and plays a key role in shaping the nature and content of the messages transmitted through mass media. Understanding the intended audience is essential to effectively transmitting messages and maximizing the impact and reach of mass communication. By considering the audience's needs, interests, and preferences, mass media can create content and messages that are both relevant and impactful, ultimately helping to inform and educate the public.

Reference:

Collected from many resources and self rephrased.

Written by:

Shahd Ehab El Sayed Abdelalim Nossir

1221103256

ELEMENTS OF MASS COMMUNICATION: CHANNEL

 

A channel in mass communication refers to the medium or vehicle through which a message is transmitted to a large audience. The following are some examples of channels used in mass communication:

Television: A visual medium that transmits messages through video and audio content.

Radio: An audio medium that transmits messages through sound and music.

Print: A written medium that transmits messages through newspapers, magazines, and books.

Websites and Social Media: Digital platforms that transmit messages through text, images, and multimedia content.

Outdoor Advertising: A visual medium that transmits messages through billboards, posters, and other forms of outdoor advertising.

Through these examples it can also influence the way that teenagers view themselves and their bodies, leading to issues such as low self-esteem and body image issues.

As well as language such as the use of slang, very informal language that is usually spoken rather than written, used especially by particular groups of people for example "Chicken" is slang for someone who isn't very brave.

Additionally, the constant bombardment of images and messages through mass media can contribute to unrealistic expectations and ideals.

Each channel has its own strengths and weaknesses, and the choice of channel depends on the nature of the message and the intended audience. For example, television is a visual medium that is well-suited to transmitting messages that require visual impact, such as advertisements, while radio is an audio medium that is well-suited to transmitting messages that require sound, such as music and news.

Prior to the 19th Century, letters, smoke signals, telegrams and carrier pigeons were the common ways of communications.

The choice of channel is a crucial component of mass communication and can greatly impact the effectiveness and reach of a message. It is important to choose the appropriate channel based on the nature of the message and the intended audience in order to maximize the impact and reach of the message.

Reference:

Collected from a bunch of websites and self rephrased.

Written by:

Shahd Ehab El Sayed Abdelalim Nossir

1221103256

ELEMENTS OF MASS COMMUNICATION: MESSAGE

 

A message in mass communication through social media refers to the information or content that is transmitted including intention of the message depends on not only the words used in it but also on the tone, voice modulation, and manner in which it is delivered through social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc. The messages transmitted through social media can take many forms, including personal updates, news articles, advertisements, political campaign messages, and more.

Here are some examples of messages in mass communication through social media:

Personal Updates: Individuals can use social media to share personal updates and information with their followers and friends.

News Stories: News organizations and journalists can use social media to share news articles, breaking news updates, and multimedia content.

Advertisements: Companies and organizations can use social media to promote products, services, and ideas through targeted advertisements and sponsored posts.

Political Campaigns: Political candidates and campaigns can use social media to reach a large audience and transmit messages related to their platform and policies.

Can be illustrated to the audience in the form of entertainment in this case a movie involving millions of people simultaneously. Probably someone said "Shhh" in the conversation of James Bond "The past isn't dead."

This is Verbal Communication and is a common type of communication where ideas, opinions are openly presented.

Another form of Communication is Non-verbal where there are gestures such as smiling with delight, or looking away in disgust, sign language to signal the partner about the ally most, body language which is a pure form of communication nowadays.

Written communication such as texting which closely interacts with today's society.

Moreover another of communication is Rhetoric where the audience intimately connects with the way the movie makes them think, laugh, cry and so on depending on the audience's familiarity in spontaneous manner which is successfully delivered in "No Time to Die."

"The process by which a person, group of people or organization creates a message and transmits it through some type of medium to a large, anonymous, heterogeneous audience." 

In conclusion, social media has become an important and influential form of mass communication, offering the ability to reach a large, global audience instantly and engage in real-time communication. The messages transmitted through social media can have a significant impact on public opinion and behavior, making it a powerful tool for transmitting information, shaping opinions, and influencing behavior.

Reference:

Collected from a bunch of websites and self rephrased.

Written by:

Shahd Ehab El Sayed Abdelalim Nossir

1221103256

ELEMENTS OF MASS COMMUNICATION: SOURCE

Sources in mass communication refer to the origin or source of information used in creating and distributing mass media content. The credibility and reliability of the source can impact the perceived credibility of the media content. Here are some examples of sources in mass communication:

News agencies: News agencies such as Associated Press (AP), Reuters, and Agence France-Presse (AFP) provide news and information to various media organizations.

Government agencies: Government agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) provide information and data to mass media.

Academic institutions: Research and data from academic institutions such as universities, colleges, and think-tanks can be used as sources in mass media.

Non-profit organizations: Non-profit organizations such as Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and World Health Organization (WHO) provide information and data on various issues that can be used as sources in mass media.

Individuals: Individuals can serve as sources in mass media through interviews, testimonials, or expert opinions.

Primary sources: Primary sources refer to original or first-hand sources of information, such as eyewitnesses, government documents, or historical artifacts. These can be used as sources in mass media.

The message is imagined, created, and sent by the source. The source encodes the message by selecting the best terms or sequence to convey the intended meaning, and then presents or sends the information to the audience, namely the receiver (Simon D, 2018).

In conclusion, sources in mass communication play a critical role in determining the credibility and reliability of the media content. The choice of source can impact the perceived accuracy and bias of the media content. Therefore, it is important for media organizations to carefully evaluate and choose sources for their content.

Reference:

Collected from a bunch of websites and self rephrased.

Written by:

Shahd Ehab El Sayed Abdelalim Nossir

1221103256

ELEMENTS OF MASS COMMUNICATION: FEEDBACK

Feedback in mass communication refers to the reactions and responses of the audience to messages transmitted through mass media such as television, radio, newspapers, etc. It provides valuable information on the impact and effectiveness of the message and helps media organizations to improve their content. Here are a few examples of feedback in mass communication:

Ratings: Television shows and radio programs receive ratings based on the number of people who watch or listen to them. These ratings provide an insight into the popularity of a program.

Surveys: Surveys are used to gather opinions and feedback from a large number of people. Media organizations conduct surveys to assess the impact of their content.

Social Media Comments: Social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram provide a platform for people to express their opinions and give feedback on various topics, including mass media content.

Phone Calls: Radio and television stations often receive phone calls from listeners or viewers giving their feedback on programs, commercials, or news broadcasts.

Online Reviews: Online platforms like Amazon and Netflix allow users to leave reviews and ratings on different media products, providing valuable feedback for media organizations.

Letters to the Editor: Newspapers and magazines often receive letters from readers commenting on articles or expressing their opinions. These letters provide feedback on the content and tone of the publication.           

Feedback helps mass media organizations to improve their content and tailor it to the audience's needs and preferences.

Reference:

Collected from a bunch of websites and self rephrased.

Written by:

Shahd Ehab El Sayed Abdelalim Nossir

1221103256